1870 in Europe

Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 43. Chapters: 1870 elections in Europe, 1870 in Croatia, 1870 in England, 1870 in France, 1870 in Germany, 1870 in Ireland, 1870 in Italy, 1870 in Norway, 1870 in the United Kingdom, Franco-Prussian War, Battle of Wörth, England v Scotland representative matches, Battle of Hallue, Siege of Paris, Capture of Rome, Battle of Sedan, Ems Dispatch, Government of National Defense, Battle of Beaune-la-Rolande, Battle of Gravelotte, Battle of Wissembourg, Battle of Mars-la-Tour, Battle of Spicheren, Battle of Villiers, Baden-Baden 1870 chess tournament, Siege of Strasbourg, Siege of Belfort, 1870 in Wales, Newark rail crash, Siege of Metz, Battle of Villepion, Battle of Le Bourget, Battle of Borny-Colombey, Yelverton case, Battle of Beaugency, Battle of Coulmiers, Stairfoot rail accident, Hatfield rail crash, Phillips v Eyre, Battle of Loigny-Poupry, Battle of Noisseville, Battle of Beaumont, Battle of Amiens, Second Battle of Orléans, Battle of Bellevue, Battle of Chevilly, French constitutional referendum, 1870, 1870 English cricket season, Dalmatian parliamentary election, 1870, 1870-71 in English football. Excerpt: The Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War, often referred to in France as the 1870 War (19 July 1870 - 10 May 1871) was a conflict between the Second French Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia. Prussia was aided by the North German Confederation, of which it was a member, and the South German states of Baden, Württemberg and Bavaria. The complete Prussian and German victory brought about the final unification of Germany under King Wilhelm I of Prussia. It also marked the downfall of Napoleon III and the end of the Second French Empire, which was replaced by the French Third Republic. As part of the settlement, the territory of Alsace and part of Lorraine was taken by Prussia to become a part of Germany, which it would retain until the end of World War I when it was returned to France in the Treaty of Versailles. The conflict was a culmination of years of tension between the two nations, which finally came to a head over the issue of a Hohenzollern candidate for the vacant Spanish throne, following the deposition of Isabella II in 1868. The public release of the Ems Dispatch, which played up alleged insults between the Prussian king and the French ambassador, inflamed public opinion on both sides. France mobilized, and on 19 July declared war on Prussia only, but the other German states quickly joined on Prussia's side. It soon became evident that the Prussian and German forces were superior, due in part to their efficient use of railways and the better Krupp steel artillery. Prussia had the fourth densest rail network in the world; France had the fifth. A series of swift Prussian and German victories in eastern France culminated in the Battle of Sedan, at which Napoleon III was captured with his whole army on 2 September. Yet this did not end the war, as the Third Republic was declared in Paris on 4 September 1870, and French resistance continued under the Government of National Defence and later Adolphe Thiers. Over a five-month campaign, the German armies defeate