1885 in Europe

Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 86. Chapters: 1885 elections in Europe, 1885 in Bulgaria, 1885 in England, 1885 in France, 1885 in Ireland, 1885 in Norway, 1885 in Portugal, 1885 in Scotland, 1885 in the United Kingdom, Sino-French War, Keelung Campaign, Somerset County Cricket Club in 1885, Lang Son Campaign, Battle of Dong Dang, Pescadores Campaign, Battle of Nui Bop, Treaty of Tientsin, Retreat from Lang Son, Battle of Bang Bo, Battle of Hoa Moc, 1885-86 FA Cup, Battle of Zhenhai, Eliza Armstrong case, Serbo-Bulgarian War, Tonkinese Rifles, Berlin Conference, 1884-85 FA Cup, Tonkin Affair, Battle of Shipu, Bulgarian unification, Derbyshire County Cricket Club in 1885, Highland Land League, United Kingdom general election, 1885, Battle of Slivnitsa, Battle of Phu Lam Tao, Battle of Pirot, Japanese Village, Knightsbridge, Labouchere Amendment, 1885 British Home Championship, Treaty of Simulambuco, 1885 in Wales, 1885 Wimbledon Championships, Edgington v Fitzmaurice, Clifton Hall Colliery, The Maiden Tribute of Modern Babylon, 1885 FA Cup Final, 1884-85 in English football, Purchase of Land Act 1885, 1885 English cricket season, 1885-86 in English football, Madrid Protocol of 1885, French legislative election, 1885, Norwegian parliamentary election, 1885, Bulgarian Crisis, 1885 vote of no confidence against the government of William Gladstone. Excerpt: The Sino-French War (Chinese: ; pinyin: Zhong fa Zhànzheng, French: , Vietnamese: ) was a limited conflict fought between August 1884 and April 1885 to decide whether France should replace China in control of Tonkin (northern Vietnam). As the French achieved their war aims, they are usually considered to have won the war. Nevertheless, the French triumph was marred by a number of defeats in individual battles and the Chinese armies performed rather better than they did in China's other nineteenth-century foreign wars. In some quarters near Guangxi and in Taiwan the war is even regarded as a Chinese victory. French interest in northern Vietnam dated from the late 18th-century, when the political Catholic priest Pigneau de Behaine recruited French volunteers to fight for Nguyen Anh to start the Nguyen Dynasty in an attempt to gain privileges for France and the Roman Catholic Church. In 1858, France began their colonial campaign and in 1862 annexed several southern provinces of Vietnam to become the colony of Cochinchina, laying the foundations for its later colonial empire in Indochina. French explorers followed the course of the Red River through northern Vietnam to its source in Yunnan, arousing hopes that an extremely profitable overland trade route could be established with China, bypassing the treaty ports of the Chinese coastal provinces. The main obstacle to the realisation of this dream was the Black Flag Army, a well-organized bandit force under a formidable leader, Liu Yongfu (Liu Yung-fu, ¿¿¿), which was levying exorbitant dues on trade on the Red River between Son Tay and the town of Lao Cai on the Yunnan border. Commandant Henri Rivière (1827-83)French intervention in northern Vietnam was precipitated by Commandant Henri Rivière, who was sent with a small French military force to Hanoi at the end of 1881 to investigate Vietnamese complaints against the activities of French merchants. In defiance of the instructions of his superiors, Rivière stormed the ci