Bridge conventions

Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 47. Chapters: Stayman convention, Blackwood convention, Strong two clubs, Bridge convention, Forcing notrump, Takeout double, Cue bid, Jacoby transfer, Slam-seeking conventions, Negative double, Support double, Multi 2 diamonds, Lebensohl, Unusual notrump, Weak two bid, Michaels cuebid, Drury convention, Ghestem, Astro, Blackout convention, New minor forcing, Rosenkranz double, DONT, Comfy Canapé, Unusual vs. unusual, Jacoby 2NT, Lionel convention, Norman four notrump, Bergen raises, Flannery, XY No Trump Convention, Splinter bid, Ogust convention, Ekren convention, Rubensohl, Landy, Gerber convention, Suction convention, San Francisco convention, Rubens advances, Muiderberg convention, Leaping Michaels, Namyats, Negative free bid, Copenhagen convention, Walsh convention, Cappelletti, Grand slam force, Fit showing jump bid, Last Train, CRASH convention, Raptor convention, Carrot 4NT, Mini-Roman 2 Diamond, Serious 3NT, Woolsey, Relay bid, Brozel convention, Baron convention, Meyerson convention, Smith signal, Carrot 1NT, Hello convention, Strong two bid, List of defenses to 1NT, Mohan, Fishbein convention, Snapdragon double, Asptro, Pass-or-correct bid, Lightner double, Meckwell convention, Gardener 1NT, Rosenkranz redouble, Kamikaze 1NT. Excerpt: In the card game contract bridge, Stayman is a convention used to find a 4-4 trump fit in a major suit after the 1NT opening bid. It can also be modified for use after an opening 2NT, 3NT (strong) or a 1NT overcall. While the convention is named after the person who first wrote about it, Samuel Stayman in 1945, it was actually invented in 1939 by the British bridge player J.C.H. Marx (who published it only in 1946), and apparently independently by Stayman's partner George Rapee in 1945. The main reason for seeking a fit in a major suit is that the success rate for 4 or 4 with 26 HCP is about 80%, whereas 3NT with 26 HCP has a success rate of only 60%, or 50% with 25 HCP. (The extra control from having a trump suit is often worth an extra trick in such situations.) Additionally, in matchpoint scoring, the additional 20 points for making 4 or 4 versus 3NT can be significant. After an opening bid or an overcall of 1NT (2NT), responder bids 2 (3) to ask opener or overcaller to bid a four card major suit if he has one. This bid promises four cards in at least one of the major suits and, in standard form, enough strength to continue bidding after partner's response (8 HCP for an invitational bid opposite a standard 1NT showing 15-17 HCP or 5 HCP to go to game opposite a standard 2NT showing 20-21 points). By invoking the Stayman convention, the responder takes control of the bidding since strength and distribution of the opener's hand is already known within a limited range. The opener responds with the following rebids. Note that a Notrump opener should have neither a suit longer than 5 cards nor more than one 5-card suit since an opening Notrump bid shows a balanced hand. A Notrump bidder who has at least four cards in each major suit normally responds in the longer or stronger major. In the standard form of Stayman over 1NT, the responder has four normal rebids. Over these bids, the Notrump bidder (1) with a maximum hand (17 HCP), goes to game over an invitational bid