Digestive system surgery

Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 45. Chapters: 1-800-GET-THIN, Abdominoperineal resection, Adjustable gastric band, Anal sphincterotomy, Appendectomy, Bariatric surgery, Billroth I, Billroth II, Bowel resection, Colectomy, Coloanal anastomosis, Colonic polypectomy, Colostomy, Colostomy reversal, Distal splenorenal shunt procedure, Duodenal switch, Enterotomy, Esophagectomy, Esophagogastric dissociation, Exploratory laparotomy, Gastrectomy, Gastric bypass surgery, Gastroduodenostomy, Gastroenterostomy, Gastropexy, Hartmann's operation, Hassab's decongestion operation, Heller myotomy, Hemorrhoidolysis, Hill repair, Hofmeister-Finsterer operation, Ileo-anal pouch, Ileostomy, J-pouch coloanal anastomosis, Jejunoileal bypass, Jejunostomy, Laparoscopy, Lateral internal sphincterotomy, LIFT technique, Lower anterior resection, Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery, Nissen fundoplication, Omentopexy, Partial ileal bypass surgery, Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy, Proctocolectomy, Pyloromyotomy, Reichel-Polya operation, Roux-en-Y anastomosis, Rubber band ligation, Side-to-end coloanal anastomosis, Stapled hemorrhoidopexy, Stretta procedure, Transanal hemorrhoidal dearterialization, Vertical banded gastroplasty surgery. Excerpt: Gastric bypass procedures (GBP) are any of a group of similar operations that first divides the stomach into a small upper pouch and a much larger lower "remnant" pouch and then re-arranges the small intestine to connect to both. Surgeons have developed several different ways to reconnect the intestine, thus leading to several different GBP names. Any GBP leads to a marked reduction in the functional volume of the stomach, accompanied by an altered physiological and physical response to food. The operation is prescribed to treat morbid obesity (defined as a body mass index greater than 40), type 2 diabetes, hypertension, sleep apnea, and other comorbid conditions. Bariatric surgery is the term encompassing all of the surgical treatments for morbid obesity, not just gastric bypasses, which make up only one class of such operations. The resulting weight loss, typically dramatic, markedly reduces comorbidities. The long-term mortality rate of gastric bypass patients has been shown to be reduced by up to 40%. As with all surgery, complications occur. A study from 2005 to 2006 revealed that 15% of patients experience complications as a result of gastric bypass, and 0.5% of patients died within six months of surgery due to complications. Gastric bypass is indicated for the surgical treatment of morbid obesity, a diagnosis which is made when the patient is seriously obese, has been unable to achieve satisfactory and sustained weight loss by dietary efforts, and is suffering from comorbid conditions which are either life-threatening or a serious impairment to the quality of life. In the past, serious obesity was interpreted to mean weighing at least 100 pounds (45 kg) more than the "ideal body weight", an actuarially determined body weight at which one was estimated to be likely to live the longest, as determined by the life insurance industry. This criterion failed for persons of short stature. In 1991, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) sponsored a consensus panel wh