Hellenistic colonies

Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 109. Chapters: Cyprus, Pergamon, Kandahar, Antioch, Susa, Tyre, Lebanon, Beirut, Sidon, Iznik, Sardis, Moesia, Alexandria Troas, Opis, Adana, Latakia, Tripoli, Lebanon, Merv, Misthi, Cappadocia, Ai-Khanoum, Byblos, Umm Qais, Nusaybin, Amioun, Hippos, Silifke, Arwad, Seleucia, Batroun, Apamea, Taucheira, Charax Spasinu, Enfeh, Nahavand, Alexandria Eschate, Sulusaray, Famast, Alabanda, Alexandria on the Caucasus, Pelion, Amyzon, Abila, Abila Lysaniou, Stratonicea, Antigonia, Anthemusias, Cebrene, Laodicea ad Libanum, Apamea Ragiana, Artemita, Konope, Seleucia Samulias, Seleucia ad Belum, Gambrion, Saksanokhur, Laodicea Pontica, Berenike, Antiochia in Sittacene, Diadochoupolis. Excerpt: Cyprus (; Greek: , Kýpros, IPA: ; Turkish: , IPA: ), officially the Republic of Cyprus (Greek: , Kypriaki¿ Dimokratía, IPA: ; Turkish: , IPA: ), is a Eurasian island country in the Eastern Mediterranean, east of Greece, south of Turkey, west of Syria and north of Egypt. It is the third largest island on the Mediterranean Sea and one of its most popular tourist destinations. An advanced, high-income economy with a very high Human Development Index, the Republic of Cyprus was a founding member of the Non-Aligned Movement until it joined the European Union on 1 May 2004. The earliest known human activity on the island dates back to around the 10th millennium BC. Archaeological remains from this period include the well-preserved Neolithic village of Choirokoitia (also known as Khirokitia), which has been declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO, along with the Tombs of the Kings. Cyprus is home to some of the oldest water wells in the world, and is the site of the earliest known example of feline domestication. At a strategic location in the Middle East, Cyprus has been occupied by several major powers, including the empires of the Hittites, Assyrians, Egyptians, Persians, Rashiduns, Umayyads, Lusignans, Venetians and Ottomans. Settled by Mycenean Greeks in the 2nd millennium BC, the island also experienced long periods of Greek rule under the Ptolemies and the Byzantines. In 333 B.C., Alexander of Macedon conquered the island from the Persians. The Ottoman Empire conquered the island in 1571 and it remained under Ottoman control for over three centuries. It was placed under British administration in 1878 until it was granted independence in 1960, becoming a member of the Commonwealth the following year. In 1974, following 11 years of intercommunal violence and an attempted coup d'état by Greek Cypriot nationalists, Turkey invaded and occupied the northern portion of the island. The intercommunal violence and subsequent Turkish invasion led to the displacement of hundre