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Anglický jazyk
Halogen Exchange in Superheated Water
Autor: Abdulrahman M. Alhazmi
Getting into hot water usually isn't thought of as desirable, but a growing number of chemist and chemical engineers are suggesting just that as away to make organic synthesis more environmentally benign. Water near or above its critical point (374°C, 218... Viac o knihe
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O knihe
Getting into hot water usually isn't thought of as desirable, but a growing number of chemist and chemical engineers are suggesting just that as away to make organic synthesis more environmentally benign. Water near or above its critical point (374°C, 218 atm) is attracting increased attention as a medium for organic chemistry. Water is a unique solvent; its chemical and physical properties vary considerably at high temperatures and pressure when compared to water at ambient condition. Two bromobenzenes were prepared by reaction of the corresponding 1,2-dichlorobenzene or 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene with 48% hydrobromic acid under superheated aqueous conditions. Halogen exchange in 1,2-dichlorobenzene to 1-bromo-2-chlorobenzene and 1,2-dibromobenzene has been completed under neutral and acidic conditions, using sodium bromide or hydrogen bromide as source of bromide. The response of halogen exchange in 1,2-dichlorobenzene to the presence of iron(III) chloride (FeCl3) and nickel(II) chloride (NiCl2) as catalysts was examined.
- Vydavateľstvo: LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing
- Rok vydania: 2011
- Formát: Paperback
- Rozmer: 220 x 150 mm
- Jazyk: Anglický jazyk
- ISBN: 9783847322818
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