Introduction to Natural and Synthetic Rubbers

Acknowledgements -
Introduction -
Contents -

Part One- Natural Rubber -

1. THE STORY OF NATURAL RUBBER -
The early history -
The beginnings of the rubber industry -
Goodyear and vulcanization -
Plantation rubber -

2. THE NATURE OF NATURAL RUBBER -
The physical properties of natural rubber-
Tensile properties -
Dynamic properties -
Hardness -
Abrasion -
Electrical properties -
The chemistry of natural rubber -
Atoms and molecules -
The formula of natural rubber -
The elasticity of natural rubber -

Part Two-Synthetic Rubber -

3. HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION TO SYNTHETIC RUBBER -
The beginnings of synthetic rubber production -
Synthetic rubber in the First World War -
Progress between the wars -
The American contribution -
Developments after the Second World War -

4. THE MANUFACTURE OF GENERAL PURPOSE SYNTHETIC RUBBER -
Butadiene: Petroleum - Butadiene and cracking -
Styrene Production of the polymer: Emulsion polymerization -
The polymerization formula -
The synthetic rubber plant -

5. THE PROCESSING OF GENERAL PURPOSE SYNTHETIC RUBBER -
Processing machinery: The bale-cutting machine -
The mill -
The internal mixer -
The calendar -
The spreading machine -
The extruder Compounding: Plasticizers and softeners -
Tack -
Extenders -
Reclaimed rubber -
Fillers -
Colouring materials -
The ageing of rubber -
Antioxidants -
Vulcanization Accelerators -
Vulcanization activators -
Summary of compounding

6. SPECIAL PURPOSE RUBBERS -
Nitrile rubber -
Butyl rubber -
Neoprene -
Thiokol -
Silicone rubbers -
Polyurethanes -
Hard rubber -

7. THE MANUFACTURE OF RUBBER ARTICLES -
Mechanicals: Soles and heels -
Bathing caps -
Hot water bottles -
Extruded articles -
Wires and cables -
Hose: Plain hose -
Wrapped hose -
Moulded hose -
Armouring -
Belting: Conveyor belts -
Transmission belting -
Rubber balls: Gold balls -
Tyres: The cover -
The bead -
The casing -
The tread and sidewalls -
Cover building -
Vulcanizing the cover -
Inner tubes -
Goods from latex: Compounding latex -
Dipped goods -
Latex thread -
Latex foam -

Part Three-The Future of Rubber -

8. MODERN DEVELOPMENTS -
Polymerization: Condensation polymerization -
Addition polymerization -
Initiators -
The arrangement of atoms in a chain -
Synthetic natural rubber -
cis Polybutadiene -
Radiation and rubber: Polymerization -
Cross-linking -
Looking ahead -
Bibliography -
Glossary -
Index -
Plates -
The object of this book is to explain what these various rubbers
are, how they behave, and why they behave as they do. As synthetic
rubbers are now being made in this country and will play an important
part in the future of the rubber