1830 in Europe

Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 26. Chapters: 1830 in Belgium, 1830 in England, 1830 in France, 1830 in Ireland, 1830 in Norway, 1830 in Poland, 1830 in Russia, 1830 in Switzerland, 1830 in the Netherlands, 1830 in the United Kingdom, July Revolution, November Uprising, Belgian Revolution, Swing Riots, Freiämtersturm, United Kingdom general election, 1830, Revolutions of 1830, Cholera Riots, Ustertag, Talleyrand partition plan for Belgium, National Congress of Belgium, Southern Ocean Expedition, Provisional Government of Belgium, July Ordinances, Pragmatic Sanction of 1830, 1830 in Wales, French legislative election, 1830, 1830 English cricket season. Excerpt: The French Revolution of 1830, also known as the July Revolution or Trois Glorieuses in French, saw the overthrow of King of France, the French monarch, and the ascent of his cousin , the , who himself, after 18 precarious years on the throne, would in turn be overthrown. It marked the shift from one constitutional monarchy, the Bourbon Restoration, to another, the July Monarchy; the transition of power from the House of to its cadet branch, the House of ; and the substitution of the principle of popular sovereignty for hereditary right. Supporters of the would be called Legitimists, and supporters of Orleanists. On 16 September 1824, ascended to the throne of France. He was the younger brother of , who, upon the defeat of , and by agreement of the Allied powers, had been installed as King of France. The fact that both and ruled by hereditary right rather than popular consent was the first of two triggers for , the "Three Glorious Days" of the July Revolution. Upon the abdication of Napoleon in 1814, continental Europe, and France in particular, was in a state of disarray. The Congress of Vienna met to redraw the continent's political map. Although there were many European countries attending the congress, there were four major powers that controlled the decision making: United Kingdom, represented by her foreign secretary Viscount Castlereagh; Austria, represented by the chief minister (and chairman of the congress) ; Russia, represented by Emperor Alexander I; and Prussia, represented by King Frederick William III. Another very influential person at the Congress was , a French diplomat under Napoleon. Although France was considered an enemy state, was allowed to attend the Congress because he claimed that he had only cooperated with Napoleon under duress. proposed that Europe be restored to its "legitimate" (i.e. pre-Napoleon) borders and governments; a plan that, with some changes, was accepted by members of the Congress. France returned to its 1789 borders and t