Companies established in 1840

Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 26. Chapters: Lackawanna Steel Company, Baltimore Steam Packet Company, Grand Duchy of Baden State Railway, Jackson and Woodin Manufacturing Company, Bewley's, Andrew Barclay Sons & Co., William Denny and Brothers, Pugets Sound Agricultural Company, Augustine Heard and Company, Head Wrightson, La Maison Simons, Coster Diamonds, Viagens Abreu, William Doxford & Sons, HC Stülcken & Sohn, Orbea, Yale, Robert Sayle, Marsh Wheeling, R. E. Dietz Company, Brown, Marshalls and Co. Ltd., Nicholson's. Excerpt: The Lackawanna Steel Company was an American steel manufacturing company which existed as an independent company from 1840 to 1922, and as a subsidiary of the Bethlehem Steel company from 1922 to 1983. Founded by the Scranton family, the location of the company led to the creation of the city of Scranton, Pennsylvania. When the company moved to a suburb of Buffalo, New York, in 1902, its relocation led to the founding of the town of Lackawanna, New York. It was once the second-largest steel company in the world (and the largest company outside the U.S. Steel trust). The Lackawanna River and Valley in Pennsylvania in the United States.At the beginning of the 1800s, the Lackawanna Valley in Pennsylvania was rich in anthracite coal and iron deposits. Brothers George W. Scranton and Seldon T. Scranton moved to the Lackawanna Valley in 1840 and settled in the five-house town of Slocum's Hollow (now known as Scranton) to establish an iron forge. Although Europeans had been making steel for nearly three centuries by this time, the processes for creating blister steel and crucible steel were slow and steel was extremely expensive. The Scrantons focused instead on manufacturing pig iron using a blast furnace. The Scrantons wished to take advantage of a recent technological innovation in iron smelting, the "hot blast." Developed in Scotland in 1828, the hot blast preheats air before it is pumped through molten iron, substantially lowering fuel needs. The Scrantons also wished to experiment with using anthracite coal to make steel, rather than existing methods which used charcoal or bituminous coal. The most likely successful first use of the hot blast technique in the U.S. was carried out in 1835 at Oxford Furnace in Warren County, New Jersey, by William Henry, Seldon Scranton's father-in-law. By 1838, Henry had relocated to the Lackawanna Valley, where he was experimenting with using anthracite coal in steelmaking. The Scrantons and Henry formed a partnership in 1840 to deve