House of Farnese

Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 48. Chapters: Pope Paul III, Charles III of Spain, Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma, Elisabeth Farnese, Villa Farnese, House of Bourbon-Parma, Pier Luigi Farnese, Duke of Parma, Palazzo Farnese, Ranuccio II Farnese, Duke of Parma, Alessandro Farnese, Ranuccio I Farnese, Duke of Parma, Antonio Farnese, Duke of Parma, Enrichetta d'Este, Margherita de' Medici, Francesco Farnese, Duke of Parma, Princess Margaret Yolande of Savoy, Margaret of Parma, Odoardo Farnese, Duke of Parma, Countess Palatine Dorothea Sophie of Neuburg, Maria d'Este, Maria Caterina Farnese, Giulia Farnese, Margherita Maria Farnese, Isabella d'Este, Duchess of Parma, Villa Farnesina, Odoardo Farnese, Hereditary Prince of Parma, Ottavio Farnese, Duke of Parma, Palazzo Farnese, Piacenza, Infanta Maria of Guimarães, Gerolama Orsini, Margherita Aldobrandini, Ranuccio Farnese, Alexander Farnese, Prince of Parma, Pope Paul III and his Grandsons, Margherita Farnese, Ranuccio Farnese il Vecchio, Francesco Maria Farnese, Vittoria Farnese d'Este, Costanza Farnese. Excerpt: Charles III (Spanish: Carlos III; Italian: Carlo III; 20 January 1716 - 14 December 1788) was the King of Spain and the Spanish Indies from 1759 to 1788. He was the eldest son of Philip V of Spain and his second wife, the Princess Elisabeth Farnese. In 1731, the fifteen-year-old Charles became the Duke of Parma and Piacenza, as Charles I, at the death of his childless great uncle Antonio Farnese, Duke of Parma. In 1734, as the Duke of Parma, he conquered the kingdoms of Naples and of Sicily, and was crowned as the King of Naples and Sicily on 3 July 1735, reigning as King Charles, although he is contemporarily known as Charles VII of Naples and Charles V of Sicily. In 1738 he married the Princess Maria Amalia of Saxony, an educated, cultured woman who gave birth to thirteen children, eight of whom reached adulthood. Charles and Maria Amalia resided in Naples for nineteen years; she died in Madrid on 27 September 1760, at the age of thirty-five. Upon succeeding to the Spanish throne on 10 August 1759, Charles, a proponent of enlightened absolutism, on 6 October 1759 abdicated the Neapolitan and Sicilian thrones in favour of Ferdinand, his third surviving son, who became Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies, or Ferdinand IV of Naples and III of Sicily. Charles III's descendants ruled the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies until 1861. In 1713, the Treaty of Utrecht concluded the War of the Spanish Succession (1701-14), thereby reducing the political and military power of Spain, which had been ruled by the House of Bourbon since 1700. Under the terms of the treaty, the Spanish Empire retained its Latin American territories, and ceded to Habsburg Austria the Southern Netherlands, the kingdoms of Naples and Sardinia, the Duchy of Milan, and the State of Presidi. Moreover, the House of Savoy gained the Kingdom of Sicily, and the Kingdom of Great Britain gained the island of Minorca and the fortress at Gibraltar. In 1700, Charles' father, the French-born "Philippe de France", became Ki